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掌控命运!训练思维,找到幸福

直到最近,冥想对我来说还是个非常模糊的概念。我成长于东海岸一个相当单一的郊区,从来没见过谁冥想。我对冥想的理解仅限于一些抽象而令人费解的指导,比如“坐下,静下心来,什么都不想”。“什么都不想!为什么要什么都不想?!真是浪费时间!”我当时想。因此,冥想从来不在我的“想尝试”清单上。

但我感觉生活有些停滞不前。虽然生活中有很多快乐的时刻,但我却始终无法感受到一种基本的满足感。外界的种种琐事比我想象的更容易让我心烦意乱,负面情绪也常常悄悄潜入我的脑海。我不知道该如何才能持续地感到满足,但我相信一定有办法。我尝试了很多方法来寻求内心的平静——包括依靠强大的意志力、增加身边积极的体验或事物,以及其他一些自助方法。有些方法确实带来了一些小小的进步,但效果却转瞬即逝。

搬到加州后,我开始结识一些练习冥想的人。他们的气质与众不同。他们内心似乎很平静,充满一种脚踏实地的乐观精神。我意识到这或许正是我所缺失的,于是询问了他们冥想的经历。他们把发现冥想描述为人生中的一个重要转折点。“也许这并非浪费时间,”我心想。我发现,当人们把某些经历描述为改变人生时,即使我不理解其中的缘由,我也必须去了解更多。类似的求知欲促使我在大学期间出国留学,并在非洲做志愿者。人们说这些经历会改变我。或许他们甚至描述过这些经历是如何改变的,但我直到亲身经历后才真正理解。

尽管对冥想究竟是什么仍不太确定,我还是决定尝试一下。我报名参加了一个为期十天的静默冥想营。虽然离静默冥想营还有几个月的时间,但我意识到自己应该开始了解一下我报名参加的这个活动。冥想到底是什么?我向推荐我参加静默冥想营的朋友请教,并询问如何准备。她推荐了萨克永·米庞(Sakyong Mipham)的《化心为友》(Turning the Mind into an Ally, 2003年出版)。我没看多少就发现这本书对冥想的解释非常具体实用。书中把心比作一匹野马,而你骑在它的背上。如果没有意识到这种关系,更不用说训练,这匹野马/心就会随心所欲地驰骋,而你只能被动地跟随。我的心会引导我陷入消极的思维模式和有害的情绪中,即使面对一些相对较小的刺激,而我却只是一个浑然不觉的乘客,努力地想要抓住它。

正如书中解释的那样,冥想的精髓在于,通过持续练习,你可以学会驾驭桀骜不驯的野马。你可以与这匹马建立一种互惠互利的关系,但你必须耐心去了解它,并与它合作,克服根深蒂固的模式。就像一匹野马,我的思维会根据我常常意识不到的模式对环境做出反应,并体验各种想法和情绪。有时,我能在理智层面理解这些模式,但这种理解并不一定能为我提供改变自身反应的实用方法。例如,当有人对我表达愤怒时,我会感到害怕,将这种情况内化,从而形成负面的自我认知,或者出于防御心理进行反击。但这种模式,仅仅只是一种模式而已。我不必那样回应。我可以引导我的思维做出不同的反应。我不必只是无力地驾驭这匹野马。

冥想的真正练习包括以正确的姿势静坐,并集中注意力。这本书指导我将注意力集中在呼吸上。每当有与呼吸无关的念头或情绪出现时,我都会意识到自己在想别的事情或感受别的事情,然后将注意力重新集中到呼吸上。我很难相信如此简单的方法会对我有帮助,但我决心尝试一下。
一开始,我坐在客厅中央的沙发垫上,用厨房定时器冥想五分钟。起初,我经历了书中所说的“思绪如瀑布般倾泻而下”。由于从未尝试过将注意力集中在呼吸这样简单的事情上,无数念头涌上心头:“午饭吃什么?”“万一这方法行不通怎么办?”“我应该洗衣服。” 这时,思绪就像脱缰的野马,奔腾而去。你必须抓住缰绳,把马牵回正轨:回到你的呼吸上。重要的是要坚持下去,在定时器响起之前不要离开座位,否则马就控制了你,而不是骑手。
冥想中,你练习觉察自己的感受和想法。你训练自己引导思绪,而不是任由它随波逐流。练习越多,你就越能打破旧有的模式,建立新的模式,从而提升应对越来越强烈的念头和情绪的能力。冥想并非要清除所有欲望和念头,而是要学习以不同的方式应对它们,最终获得更加平和的生活。

我隔天就增加5分钟的练习时间。为了培养这些技能,增强驾驭马匹的能力,我必须定期练习。书中还用举重作了一个很贴切的比喻:你不能指望走进健身房就能举起最重的重量,然后训练就结束了。同样,你也不能指望冥想一周就能平静地应对自己最强烈的情绪。

我注意到日常生活中出现了一些立竿见影的积极变化。我比以前更容易识别情绪,至少能够意识到它们的存在。经过更多练习,我能够在某些情况下与情绪保持距离。我意识到,即使不冥想,我也可以选择将注意力放在哪里。我能够在面对困境时保持冷静——比如与伴侣争吵、工作上的批评以及朋友的小小拒绝。随着练习的深入,我对自身以及我想要的生活方式有了更深刻的了解。
冥想有很多种。这只是我作为初学者对其中一种——正念呼吸——的理解。其中有很多细微之处我未能在此一一展现。我才刚刚开始学习,我想在深入练习之前,分享一下我最初是如何理解冥想以及它为何对我的生活如此重要,以免失去最初怀疑、后来充满好奇和惊叹的初学者视角。
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Bipin Oct 17, 2013

Nice explanation for beginner of meditation.

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Ben CJ Jun 2, 2012

Perfection in the Lord....

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Ben CJ Jun 2, 2012

Trust and believe.

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Gregor May 9, 2012
I have been a student of Shambhala (Sakyong Mipham, the author of Turning the Mind into an Ally, is the current lineage holder of this branch of Buddhism) for about two years. I have seen how often my mind will follow well-worn neural pathways and patterns of reactive behavior but, as a direct result of the meditation practice Joanna describes here, I now have the awareness to change course, and do something different. I don't always catch myself in time, mind you, but this is a path of small victories, and learning from our imperfections as well. I think meditation does nothing less than rewire our brains over time. As a result, things that once might hurt me or set me off don't get to me like they once did, and how cool is that, to not be knocked around, or beset by irritation and anger at all the little annoyances that life throws our way? It has opened me up in ways I'm just beginning to understand, but my work, relationships and feeling of being engaged and really belonging in th... [View Full Comment]
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Tsomuah Feb 9, 2012

To find true happiness, chant NAM-MYOHO-RENGE-KYO.

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Haarka gurung Feb 6, 2012

It is very good to know. I really like to do meditation.I think,it will support in many things.

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murray fulcher Feb 5, 2012

 over time i have somewhat replaced the  word to describe  my  practice of meditation with 'mindfulness'  Who is watchingthe caretaker of your thoughts? am I here in the 'now'  or lost somewhere in a fantasy/daydream of the past.,or creating an anxiety/fear in a future fantasy?

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Manoj Feb 5, 2012

Hi

You can meditate on concentrating on different sound..  simple thing , Early moring meditate  between 2 A.M to 4  A.M, When the nature is cool, more cosmic energy is available abudent ,  sit on a comfortable space, listen to heart beat and meditate for 40 min... you can feel the cosmic energey flowing to you ....

manoj

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Ficus Feb 4, 2012

In any given situation you can make a different choice.  Your article points to the important issue of learning not to internalize upsetting experiences and then 'letting' them make you feel bad about yourself and the world.  It really is not what happens to you, but how your respond to it.  Thank you for this thoughtful article.

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Ruben Neal Feb 4, 2012

Dedicate yourself to being better every single day

Focus on making a difference, because if you’re not making someonelses life better, your wasting your time

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christine phillips Feb 4, 2012

Nice article. I meditate and train and ride horses. The analogy is perfect because you are never in control of a horse, just guiding it in partnership

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Knitaluthria Feb 3, 2012

Thanks so much for sharing. I have been trying to get into the habit of meditation (without much success) for a while now. But I persist hoping that one day I will "get it". Your article gave me renewed motivation to keep trying. 

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Jim Anderson Feb 3, 2012

This is good stuff to be sure.  Thanks so much for sharing, the daily guidance is very helpful.  Makes me refocus on what is important.  For those who also visit here and leave a comment, the following is a link to a book I recently finished writing and you can listen to the first chapter by visiting my blog:  http://jamesanderson.author...  Enjoy!