Under de senaste åren har vi sett en explosion av vetenskaplig forskning som avslöjar exakt hur positiva känslor som lycka är bra för oss. Vi vet att de motiverar oss att sträva efter viktiga mål och övervinna hinder, skydda oss från vissa effekter av stress, förbinda oss nära med andra människor och till och med avvärja fysiska och psykiska åkommor.
Detta har gjort lyckan ganska trendig. Vetenskapen om lycka gjorde omslagen till Time , Oprah och till och med The Economist , och den har skapat en liten industri av motiverande talare, psykoterapeuter och forskningsföretag. Den här webbplatsen, Greater Good , innehåller ungefär 400 artiklar om lycka , och dess föräldrablogg handlar specifikt om att uppfostra glada barn .
Tydligen är lycka populärt. Men är lycka alltid bra? Kan det någonsin vara dåligt att må för bra? Forskare har precis börjat utforska dessa frågor på allvar, med goda skäl: Genom att inse lyckans potentiella fallgropar, gör vi det möjligt för oss att förstå det djupare och vi lär oss att bättre främja hälsosammare och mer balanserade liv.
Tillsammans med mina kollegor Iris Mauss och Maya Tamir har jag granskat den framväxande vetenskapliga forskningen om den mörka sidan av lycka, och vi har genomfört vår egen forskning i ämnet. Dessa studier har avslöjat fyra sätt att lycka kan vara dåligt för oss.
1. För mycket lycka kan göra dig mindre kreativ – och mindre säker.
Lycka, visar det sig, har en kostnad när den upplevs för intensivt.
Till exempel får vi ofta höra att lycka kan öppna upp våra sinnen för att främja mer kreativt tänkande och hjälpa oss att ta itu med problem eller pussel. Detta är fallet när vi upplever måttliga nivåer av lycka. Men enligt Mark Alan Davis metaanalys från 2008 av förhållandet mellan humör och kreativitet, när människor upplever intensiva och kanske överväldigande mängder av lycka, upplever de inte längre samma kreativitetsboost. Och i extrema fall som mani, förlorar människor förmågan att utnyttja och kanalisera sina inre kreativa resurser. Dessutom har psykologen Barbara Fredrickson funnit att för mycket positiva känslor – och för lite negativa känslor – gör människor oflexibla inför nya utmaningar.
Inte nog med att överdriven lycka ibland utplånar dess fördelar för oss – den kan faktiskt leda till psykisk skada. Varför? Svaret kan ligga i lyckans syfte och funktion. När vi upplever lycka riktas vår uppmärksamhet mot spännande och positiva saker i våra liv för att hjälpa till att upprätthålla den goda känslan. När vi känner oss lyckliga tenderar vi också att känna oss mindre hämmade och mer benägna att utforska nya möjligheter och ta risker.
Ta denna funktion av lycka till det yttersta. Föreställ dig någon som har en överväldigande drivkraft att bara uppmärksamma det positiva runt sig och ta risker av enorma proportioner. De kan tendera att förbise eller försumma varningssignaler i sin omgivning, eller ta djärva språng och riskfyllda steg även när yttre tecken tyder på att vinster är osannolika.
Människor i detta ökade "lyckoöverdrivna"-läge engagerar sig i mer riskfyllda beteenden och tenderar att bortse från hot, inklusive överdriven alkoholkonsumtion, hetsätning, sexuell promiskuitet och droganvändning. I en studie från 1993 fann psykologen Howard S. Friedman och hans kollegor att barn i skolåldern som bedömts som "mycket glada" av föräldrar och lärare hade en större risk för dödlighet när de följdes upp i vuxen ålder, kanske för att de ägnade sig åt mer risktagande beteenden.
Alla dessa resultat pekar på en slutsats: Lycka kan vara bäst när den upplevs med måtta – inte för lite, men inte heller för mycket.
2. Lycka passar inte alla situationer.
Våra känslor hjälper oss att anpassa oss till nya omständigheter, utmaningar och möjligheter. Ilska mobiliserar oss för att övervinna hinder; rädsla varnar oss för hot och engagerar vårt förberedelsesystem för kamp-eller-flykt; sorg signalerar förlust. Dessa känslor gör det möjligt för oss att möta särskilda behov i specifika sammanhang.
Detsamma gäller för lycka – det hjälper oss att sträva efter och uppnå viktiga mål och uppmuntrar oss att samarbeta med andra. Men precis som vi inte skulle vilja känna oss arga eller ledsna i alla sammanhang, ska vi inte vilja uppleva lycka i alla sammanhang.
Som psykologen Charles Carver har hävdat, signalerar positiva känslor som glädje till oss att våra mål uppfylls, vilket gör att vi kan sakta ner, ta ett steg tillbaka och mentalt segla ut. Det är därför lycka faktiskt kan skada oss i konkurrens. Upplysande studier gjorda av Maya Tamir fann att människor på ett glatt humör presterade sämre än människor på ett argt humör när de spelade ett konkurrenskraftigt datorspel.
I mitt eget laboratorium har vi funnit att individer som upplever lycka i olämpliga sammanhang – som att titta på en film av ett litet barn som gråter eller den där scenen från Trainspotting när Ewan McGregor gräver genom en äcklig toalett med avföring – löpte större risk att utveckla den känslomässiga störningen mani.
Josh Gosfield/Corbis Lycka har en tid och en plats – den passar inte för alla situationer!
3. Alla typer av lycka är inte bra för dig.
"Lycka" är en enda term, men den syftar på en regnbåge av olika smaker av känslor: Vissa gör oss mer energiska, andra saktar ner oss; vissa får oss att känna oss närmare andra människor, andra gör oss mer generösa.
Men främjar alla typer av lycka dessa fördelar? Det verkar inte. Faktum är att en mer nyanserad analys av olika typer av lycka tyder på att vissa former faktiskt kan vara en källa till dysfunktion.
Ett exempel är stolthet, en trevlig känsla förknippad med prestation och förhöjd social rang eller status. Som sådan ses det ofta som en typ av positiv känsla som får oss att fokusera mer på oss själva. Stolthet kan vara bra i vissa sammanhang och former, som att vinna ett svårt pris eller att få jobbbefordran.
Men min forskning med Sheri Johnson och Dacher Keltner finner att när vi upplever för mycket stolthet eller stolthet utan äkta meriter, kan det leda till negativa sociala resultat, såsom aggressivitet mot andra, antisocialt beteende och till och med en ökad risk för humörstörningar som mani. Arbete som pågår i mitt laboratorium, ledd av doktoranden Hillary Devlin, stödjer den lockande föreställningen att självfokuserade positiva känslor som stolthet faktiskt kan hindra vår förmåga att empati, eller ta en annan persons perspektiv under svåra känslomässiga tider.
Summan av kardemumman: Vissa typer av lycka kan ibland hindra vår förmåga att få kontakt med dem omkring oss.
4. Att jaga efter lycka kan faktiskt göra dig olycklig.
Inte överraskande vill de flesta vara lyckliga. Vi verkar vara fasta för att sträva efter lycka, och detta är särskilt sant för amerikaner – det är till och med inarbetat i vår självständighetsförklaring.
Men är det hälsosamt att sträva efter lycka? Banbrytande arbete av Iris Mauss har nyligen stött den kontraintuitiva idén att strävan efter lycka faktiskt kan orsaka mer skada än nytta. I själva verket, ibland, ju fler människor eftersträvar lycka, desto mindre verkar de kunna uppnå den. Mauss visar att ju mer människor strävar efter lycka, desto mer sannolikt är det att de sätter en hög standard för lycka – för att sedan bli besviken när den standarden inte uppfylls. Detta gäller särskilt när människor var i positiva sammanhang, som att lyssna på en optimistisk låt eller titta på ett positivt filmklipp. Det är som att ju svårare man försöker uppleva lycka, desto svårare är det att faktiskt känna sig lycklig, även i annars trevliga situationer.
Jag och mina kollegor bygger vidare på denna forskning, som tyder på att jakten på lycka också är förknippad med allvarliga psykiska problem, som depression och bipolär sjukdom. Det kan vara så att strävan efter lycka faktiskt gör några av oss galna.
Hur hittar man hälsosam lycka?
Men exakt hur kan vi uppnå en hälsosam dos av lycka? Det här är miljonfrågan.
För det första är det viktigt att uppleva lycka i rätt mängd. För lite lycka är lika problematiskt som för mycket. För det andra har lycka en tid och en plats, och man måste vara uppmärksam på sammanhanget eller situationen där man upplever lycka. För det tredje är det viktigt att hitta en känslomässig balans. Man kan inte uppleva lycka på bekostnad av eller bekostnad av negativa känslor, såsom sorg eller ilska eller skuld. Dessa är alla en del av ett komplext recept för emotionell hälsa och hjälper oss att uppnå ett mer grundat perspektiv. Känslomässig balans är avgörande.
Slutligen är det viktigt att jaga och uppleva lycka av rätt anledningar. För mycket fokus på att sträva efter lycka som ett mål i sig kan faktiskt vara självförstörande. Istället för att ivrigt försöka finna lycka bör vi arbeta för att bygga upp acceptans för vårt nuvarande känslomässiga tillstånd, vad det än må vara. Sann lycka, det verkar, kommer från att främja vänlighet mot andra – och mot dig själv.
COMMUNITY REFLECTIONS
SHARE YOUR REFLECTION
27 PAST RESPONSES
This is an interesting and controversial article. I love stuff like this. First of all I do believe that too much happiness can be unhealthy, in a sence that too much water is unhealthy. you can die from too much water but it has to be gallons at one time. I think that just like a relationship if you don't argue every once in a while then how are you going to know you truly love the person and care for them. As human beings we need different emotions, happy, sad, frustrated, infuriating; Without these emotions we can not love because we dont know what is good and what is bad. With the persuite of happeness i think the article pined the nail on the donkey with that one, as for everything else, i think they did not word it properly.
As I read comments that criticize the article, I generally agree: problems with definition of happiness, over-emphasis on mania, surprising and I think challengable link to excessive risk choices because "happiness" might block mindful self-care.
At least one comment mentions a general feeling of "contentment" as a description of what might be meant by "happiness", and this resonates with me. Others might add "feeling in harmony with oneself and relationship to larger world". Still others might add "feeling a general personal confidence about oneself in relationship to larger world."
One negative aspect of "happiness" I was surprised to *not* find is mentioned, but not developed. This is a link between an individual "happiness" and reduced ability to empathize. The possibility of such a link is worthy of thought.
The culture has been through a few decades of individuals pursuing personal development, with emphasis on "individual" and "personal" . In general, to my observation, this has been an excellent development. People have come to better understand themselves, have identified 'blocks', have repaired and healed with much good outcome.
As part of this self-discovery, self-help, movement, concepts of "happiness" and "positive thinking" have been emphasized and linked. "Happiness requires the practice of positive thinking." Both happiness and positive thinking have, to my observation, been treated without clear definition. Definitions are *assumed*, but unexamined. I'm going to focus on positive thinking as it may relate to reduced empathy.
To my observation - a *segment* of self-development enthusiasts practice "cultish devotion" to positive thinking. "Cult-type" emphasis includes advice such as "avoid exposure to negative thinkers or negative ideas" .
Those attached to what I characterize as cultish devotion, commonly believe that *any* life difficulty that has no immediate practical solution can be overcome by re-framing. Talk of possible causes of suffering that might be related to society's paradigms, institutions and policies lacks "bliss appeal".
Anyone offering socioeconomic political analysis may be "judged" as a negative thinker offering negative ideas. Descriptions of historical and current dynamics of power, wealth, racism, etc. are seen as unpleasant and toxic to personal well-being.
In relationship at a more personal level, cultish positive thinkers may claim they cannot "connect to" what they hear when an individual describes suffering and need. They may genuinely want to be helpful - but they can't imagine addressing human misery beyond a "make lemonade from lemons" solution.
My description of cultish devotion to positive thinking in pursuit of personal well-being (therefore a state of happiness), is incomplete. I've tried to briefly introduce "issues". The cultishness has been examined by social analysts - Barbara Ehrenreich's "Bright Sided - How Positive Thinking is Undermining America" grew from her experiences coping with cancer. She connects the dots - cancer is the experience from which she examines a wider trend. As an analyst and critic, of course, Ehrenreich can be dismissed as a "negative" thinker! http://www.barbaraehrenreic...
It seems I've "used" this article to sound off on an aside theme that I find important. The title of the article, after all, is "Four Ways Happiness Can Hurt You", not "How Pursuit of Happiness Can Reduce Empathic Capacity Within a Society". Hampered empathy is only briefly mentioned, but it caught my attention, and my study of human behavior has led me to believe lack of empathy from "happy" folk may be linked to cultish practice of "positive thinking".
I've been involved in "people watching and social criticism" for much of my life. My criticism springs from a powerful optimism about human potential! In fact, I believe conditions as we enter the 21stC "demand" that we apply valid ideas on personal happiness to community wellness, that we expand changes on behalf of personal well-being to include changes in dysfunctional institutions and policy. We learn of institutional and policy dysfunction through empathy (belief of another's struggle) and critical, analytical, examination of issues and power dynamics. Research and intuitive common sense both confirm that "felt" individual well-being depends on community context. Small personal communities always exist within larger socioeconomic political communities - of more complex dynamics. More on this can be found in the work of Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, found at http://www.equalitytrust.or....
[Hide Full Comment]mr Stanford of today's daily was annoyed. ms Tippett, doesn't know even smallest provocation that made Standford behave such uncontrolled behavior. you know, I didn't do anything bad. So why frightening again. The saddest thing is that Ms can't guess why you write that but she can understand you are annoyed. Review the causes please instead using force or strangling an innocent miss. She doesn't know car accidents or anything bad happened to you but she understands that you felt pain which she didn't cause. if it is that small statements "woman spoke up"which she apologized, accept apologies. If you would like Ms completely truss in you, you have to talk where you believe she doesn't. It is simple and if you continue spinal things, you are forcing a Ms to become Mr. Ms really feels that you have some type of pain but she didn't cause-trust her.
@Jeanine, am listening please. thank you
Pursuing happiness is not "BEing happy".
You are doing a disservice to people by this article.
Emotions are a sense, like taste, touch, smell, hearing and seeing.
Emotions come in response to thoughts.
They also provide guidance from your "Higher Self".
Your Higher Self sends you a message that says "that is the right direction" when you think a thought that feels better than the last thought you thought.
When your new thought feels worse the message is "You're going the wrong way now. Turn around."
It is as simple as this and not listening to the guidance is never the right choice.
@travelmmn:disqus pursuing happiness doesn't cause the two. I posit there can be relations like my case where happiness is pursued in dread. What do you think, they need to pursue? Some are said need marriage, some doctors, some divine. What do you think, Travelmmn?
The assertion that research suggests that pursuit of happiness is associated with serious mental health problems, such as depression and bipolar disorder implies that pursuing happiness causes these disorders, but I would hope researchers would look into causality. I would posit that people with depression or bipolar disorder are more likely to pursue happiness, as they feel this is what they lack, which would lead to this association, not the other way around.
@3f80abfeff1e02b26cdef8954007e98c:disqus it was not wasted time. It was to knowledge and others might benefited it.
Thank you
As I was reading this, all I could think about was how wasteful is to spend so much time THINKING about why happiness is not good instead of just going out and living your life and stumbling onto little happy moments betwixt and between the others. And then remembering to appreciate them instead of stopping to ask yourself if this is a happy moment or is this a moment that's not really good for me. I think too much thinking about it sorta ruins the whole experience.
today's dailygood got me right. I remember operating a store of scientific research age 17. Mine wasn't nuclear but animals esp insects. My big problem was how I could keep people away from the store of the study. I was exactly like Taylor because the word "can't" I don't believe. Hazmat team and arrest isn't known and never liked. It is always good to make understandable because one might cleaned family's contaminated for may be another family.what is the other please?catastrophic result? that is scaring and is not known. well, Taylor is with you and feels sorry for your time. Well, Washington can't say 'get this very small to die or to live with it for being honesty and stupid awesome."
The story interested me I had forehead and eyes pain I thought Computer caused but didn't feel while I was reading today's daily.
Thank you
@Kayee, well, I give my definition to the website of last night. Didn't it publish? I wrote a lot of explanations. And happy people connect people around them. but if happy people are busy on things they don't. it is a meaningful question. @be276523f26ecbd80bf429fabaafa852:disqus , I followed the link but mbs ended anyway it was interesting how the guy talked. I will update unlimited internet. West striving materials, they are right because I one time tried a woman near her car. she was standing and I was practicing accent I just copied from a movie. So I wanted to greet her yet she saw me before. She just looked very innocent and changed the direction. I was really embarrassed because my intention wasn't to cause inconvenience. I then thought of how such issue could be addressed. I started a work. The work then threatened my well-being and sucked my savings. I then asked myself, do I deserve? I then continued not knowing realities because money lost in good is good. This story is not meant to provoke anyone because the story of the woman happened 2010 there was also another woman in swimming pool and another woman who worked in embassy they all seemed to not feel comfortable.
[Hide Full Comment]Thougha man who I met in consul was not displeased. He even joked. So the NGO work started this way- it is real.
My belief is that joy is all of it ...the very fact that we can experience all the emotions and can be at choice as to how we respond is joyful empowerment. I like the whole notion of leading a happy, engaged and meaningful life...irrespective of current circumstances. My radio program presents a holistic and integrated approach to wellbing, tapping into the sugnature strengths, multiple intelligences and using the art of improv ( acting) to be in the moment. www.planetaudio.org.nz/radi...
The article completely misses the point about happiness. Happiness is never achieved by pursuing it. Achieving goals and material wealth gives a temporary feeling of well being but true happiness comes from within. The West seems obsessed with material gains and success believing when they have been achieved one will be happy but when one reaches the goal we change The goal Suggest listen to TED talk by Shawn Achor VERY FUNNY AND INFORMATIVE Check out this amazing TED Talk:
Shawn Achor: The happy secret to better work
http://www.ted.com/talks/sh...
I have never met a person who is constantly in a happiness mode. Most people that I had ever, met seem to have a range of emotions. This sounds like an article one had to write to get their name on something just to say they have something in print. What is the writer's definition of happiness? I would think contentment would be a very nice goal in life and would create a balanced life as well. This could also be described as happiness. Can a happy person really be hindered to connect with those around them, Really?
@facebook-100002669703787:disqus we always do many things but we have to balance them. No one can be 100% good. but what I know is that the more we try to be good the more we are.
I posted a comment to http://smartliving365.com/?...
about happiness am not sure if it waits published.
This article caught my eye because it follows the kind of "too much good is bad" scare tactic of a lot of healthy living articles.
I really relate with the part about the pursuit of happiness. I've always been the ambitious type, people-pleaser, cheerful host. Almost my whole life, I've poured my energy into APPEARING happy to make other people around me feel good, to make other people around me feel like I had everything under control and the world on my side.
Especially once I began Health Coaching as a career, I wanted people to see that I'd figured it all out and was living the dream life. Behind closed doors, though, I was super stressed, I was binge eating sweets at night, I was feeling like a failure and a fraud, and was deeply UNhappy.
It took a lot of work and opening to see how I needed to take time and energy to nourish myself, relax and feed my own soul. I was giving and working way too much - trying to be a happy success - and starving myself of the stuff a happy life is made out of in the process. I didn't need all the sugar I was craving - I needed more sweetness in my life! Ahhhh...
[Hide Full Comment]what else can i say. it is all a bulk of good writig and composite combination of intellectual make-up. just really likes it.
I believe it is better to BE happy than to PURSUIT happiness. Being happy means for me, being content with my life, appreciating what is around me and experience life every second as a great gift and chance. This also includes changing things that make me angry. Enjoy your lifes, everyone! It is the only one we've got.
I agree that the blind pursuit of happiness can be problematic--that's because we often have opposing definitions of what it really means. That's why I wrote a blog post that defines happiness in a way that makes it more sense of well-being than just a giddy emotion...if interested, here is a link to the article.... http://smartliving365.com/?...
great science. I was one of the people who were know excited all the times. I was and I like to be happy always. Well, I agree to be more happy can make one loose creativity and loose the idea of making development. As I said I overdrive happiness but if am to employ a worker I would prefer one who doesn't overdrive happiness. I understood mine 2005 I then decided to remain middle at schools and workplaces and when free or a lone I like to look what interests me or pleases me. I had 5 face books where I followed events different names. Most of my friends I meet personally and some of them I follow facebook and they don't know am following them. Because they comment and expect me to socialize with them and I can't. So I understood I might open facebook once in a month , they would think am not respecting them.
I try what I want to do and if I fail I feel like I need to be nowhere. That is why I decided to live earth as a famous person or a rich. Without the two I I can't say life is worth. If someone I had been saying good many years broke me one minute I finalized that people harm.
The person I blogged first than any other thing. I was helpless more than anyone else my tears told me. I also seen sadness and I can tell when people are sad esp anger caused is very bad. So happiness is best only few people can take my pleasure but no one can return because advice only helps me to be to know something. My feelings are only solved by me. this is why I can be very happy while I should not. I have some skills to remain happy but some people can take it easily because I don't have defensive enzymes if people know me.
I am very kind. And sometimes some woman cry but really you can learn it is a kind of advertisements and achievements affects people life.
Thank you
[Hide Full Comment]This is the first time I have ever seen an absolutely ridiculous article on one of my favorite sites (Daily Good). Just one of the many things in it that made no sense was "People in this heightened ‘happiness overdrive’ mode engage in riskier behaviors and tend to disregard threats, including excessive alcohol consumption, binge eating, sexual promiscuity, and drug use."
People who are happy do not engage in " excessive alcohol consumption, binge eating, sexual promiscuity, and drug use." That type of behavior is what people who are seeking a way to hide from their unhappiness engage in.
I drink no alcoholic beverages, eat a healthy vegetarian diet of 1200 - 1400 calories a day (I'm 4'8"), am celibate and use no recreational drugs. When I have a day that I am feeling down, I simply examine what I am feeling and what is going on in my life and use a variety of spiritual practices to rebalance myself, supplemented with a healthy dose of laughter yoga as needed. No, I am not running around giggling hysterically all day but my normal emotional state ranges between calm contentment to a sense of quiet joyfulness.
My impression of this article is that the studies were done on (if not by) very emotionally unhealthy people and are not at all representative of the type of happiness that is a normal part of the daily life of someone who lives a healthy lifestyle and engages in daily spiritual practices.
Please Daily Good, think twice before posting an article like this again. I think it does a disservice to your readers.
[Hide Full Comment]I found this article confusing and focusing more on 'mania' then anything else. Happiness is a personal thing and most times cannot be 'measured'. I find studies like this (in my personal opinion) to be a waste of time. Any study can be made to say whatever you wish it to say, depending on the outcome you are looking for.
I do agree that to feel 'too much' happiness takes one out of balance. I am more interested in balance, not just 'happiness'.
This is interesting...there is a Russian writer named Vadim Zeland who wrote the "Reality Transurfing" books in which he describes the downside of creating what he calls "excessive potentials" The book is eaoteric in every way, but so much of what he says makes sense and reading this article made me think of his books. At Manifesting Greatness we are always walking that fine line of wanting something but always from a place of knowing it is already there (otherwise we are putting out the vibration of lack, which then is matched by the outer factual world). It is so fascinating how this external outer world is constantly reflecting back to us our inner state of being, the question is are you working to manipulate the outer world by seeking happiness outside yourself, or is the quest one that starts from, and unfolds from, within. The only way "happiness" could possibly be bad for us is because we've forgotten its ultimate source
Thanks for the article, I found it really encouraging! It is good to be reminded that the acceptance of the whole of life is where we find balance. Also, I am reminded of a church seminar I attended a few years ago which was titled 'The Pursuit of Happiness?' The main lesson I got from that seminar was that happiness is not so much a goal, but more a side effect of a balanced and holistically healthy life, of which conciously treating other people as you would like to be treated (aka kindness!), is an integral part. I remember thinking as a child that if everybody looked out for everybody else then everybody would be looked after - I find it hard to argue with my ten year old logic, now I just have to remember to keep my end up in the grown up world, where not everyone plays by that rule!
instead "of pursuing happiness
itself"..i find that acknowledging that i am part of the greater whole of
life and at once and the same a unique being (i am) gives me the courage to believe in my self and my
reason to be “here.” This opens the path of seeking the "genie" the gift we are all born
with that we are wired to share with the world. This whole vision thinking
creates a happy that thrives on the risks taken in “true direction” and opens
our minds to new possibilities as we grow into our “beingness” As this
resonates with "knowing" - a thought
emotion convergence zone nestled physically in the core - you know it when you
feel it!! Getting past our cultural boundaries is the hardest part; the old
beliefs are always ready to pull one under. Acknowledge and look for solutions that are beyond the "down"
As you bring your gift forward, your strength and happiness expand, it is so worth it! Then be grateful…thank the universe for the dance!
Just experiment, see what unfolds.
[Hide Full Comment]Maybe I'm not seeing what the definition of happiness is in this article? I consider myself happy, most of the time. And I equate that with being content with my life. I trust people until I am proven wrong, I try to see good in everyone, and sometimes that is difficult. I also try not to judge and criticize, and sometimes that's pretty difficult too! But all in all, I like my life, and I think I'm pretty happy with it.
This article is poorly thought out and a real disappointment. If there are different kinds of happiness, why save that for point 3? It would make more sense to identify them at the outset and discuss how they may differ and create different challenges. Really, this reads like an off-the-cuff meandering across the topic, not something to be taken seriously.