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Uchumi Wa Kipawa

Unataka kurekebisha uchumi?

Wakati ujao unaponunua kahawa, mnunulie kikombe mtu aliye nyuma yako. Au unapoendelea na safari yako ya asubuhi, chukua malipo ya tollbooth kwa ajili ya dereva aliye nyuma yako, akiinama juu ya usukani wake na kulia kwa kuchelewa kwa muda mrefu.

Umesikia nukuu hiyo maarufu ya Gandhian kuhusu kuwa badiliko, basi hizi ni hatua nzuri za kuanza, zinazopakia ngumi zaidi kuliko unavyoweza kufikiria.

Mtazamo huu wa maisha huanza na dhana ifuatayo: Ni nini hasa mimi (au wewe) nilifanya ili kustahili kuwa hai? Ikiwa unaweza kushughulikia swali hilo na kutoka nje ukifikiri kuwa ni zawadi ambayo huwezi kamwe kulipa, basi kuanza maisha ya utoaji zaidi ndiyo njia pekee ya kimantiki na ya kurudishana kwa mbali. Ikiwa kitu cha thamani zaidi ulichonacho si chochote ulichopata, kwa nini uwe bahili na vitu vyote vidogo. Unaweza kuanza mazoezi hayo ya ukarimu zaidi kwa shukrani zaidi. Na wapi bora kuanza kuliko na mama yako, lakini usiishie hapo. Familia, marafiki na mpaka wa mwisho, wageni, wote ni masomo yanayostahili.

Wacha tupitie kile kinachotusumbua. Mfumo wetu wa kifedha ulikaribia kuporomoka miaka michache iliyopita. Tuliiunga mkono na kile kilichosalia cha rasilimali zetu za jumuiya, na mkanda mdogo wa scotch hapa na pale ili kurekebisha mapungufu ya mifumo. Na sasa tunajikuta tukiwa na ahueni kwa hivyo anemia ni matajiri tu ndio wanaweza kuhisi. Lazima kuwe na njia bora zaidi.

Kubadilishana ni njia nzuri ya kuishi katika uchumi duni. Ninaweza kurekebisha vyoo; unaweza kusafisha carburetors. Unajali kucheza?

Kujifunza kufanya kazi katika kitu kama "uchumi wa zawadi" ni uharibifu zaidi, ingawa, na inafaa kufikiria.

Miaka michache iliyopita, katika hali ya kuporomoka kwa uchumi karibu, maharagwe ya Steamin' huko Blue Springs, Missouri ilinaswa katika uchumi wa zawadi. Mwanamke akiokota kahawa kupitia dirishani aliamua kununua kikombe kingine, bila kujulikana, kwa mtu aliye kwenye gari nyuma yake. Mlolongo uliendelea kwa karibu wateja 1,000. Hiyo ilitokea kwa sababu ya athari ya virusi ya ukarimu.

Kama mmiliki wa Steamin' Bean Garin Bledsoe alivyoeleza katika ripoti ya UPI.com mnamo Julai 15, 2009: "Ni nyakati ngumu, lakini watu wanataka kuwa sehemu ya kitu, wakijua senti zao 5, dola yao, huenda kwa manufaa makubwa."

Maandishi kuhusu uchumi wa zawadi ni tajiri. Unakumbuka madarasa yale ya anthropolojia kuhusu sufuria? Jamii za asili mbali mbali zilitumia "karama" kama njia ya kuunda mshikamano na muunganisho, bora zaidi kustahimili ugumu wa kuishi nje ya ardhi na tishio la makabila mengine yasiyo rafiki. Kitendo hiki, kwa namna mbalimbali, kilikuwa kimeenea sana na kilitangulia uvumbuzi wa kisasa wa sarafu. Kama historia inavyoendelea, enzi hii ya mtaji, vitu tunavyobeba katika pochi zetu na vitabu vya mifukoni, ni uvumbuzi mpya usio wa kawaida. Je, inakuaje kwako? Bet wewe ni kama watu wengi duniani. Haijalishi una kiasi gani, kamwe haitoshi.

Hapa kuna jambo la kufikiria. Je, hizi tabia za kabla ya kisasa za "kutoa zawadi" zilikuwa mbinu za kuishi tu? Mwanadamu wa kisasa anaweza kuwa na mwelekeo mdogo wa aina hii ya zawadi za kimsingi, kushiriki na usawa. Lakini sisi ni wazuri katika kusoma mambo na utafiti unaendelea kuja kwamba kutoa kunahisi vizuri. Nzuri sana.

Nini hasa hutokea unapomnunulia kikombe hicho cha kahawa mtu aliye nyuma yako?

Unapata mambo mazuri yanayotokea katika mwili wako. Katika ubongo kwa kweli, kulingana na idadi ya tafiti za hivi karibuni za matibabu ambazo zimegundua teke la neural kutokana na kuwa mkarimu. Dacher Keltner, mwandishi wa Born to Be Good , anatoa muhtasari wa kazi yake mwenyewe pamoja na utafiti mwingine wa hivi majuzi katika uwanja huu katika makala haya katika jarida la Greater Good.

Lakini kwa kweli, tunahitaji sayansi kutuambia hili? Inua mkono wako ikiwa mara ya mwisho ulipomfanyia mtu jambo zuri -- jambo lisilo la mazoea, lakini tendo la ukarimu la hiari bila malipo yoyote yanayotarajiwa -- ulijisikia vizuri zaidi. Kwa kweli ulihisi kubadilika, kama aina fulani ya kuhama kutoka kwa mawazo ya uhaba hadi kujielewa zaidi na maisha. Sawa, ninaangazia hapa. Lakini unapata uhakika.

Nimekuwa nikitafiti shughuli ambazo zinaweza kuwa chini ya kichwa pana cha "uchumi wa zawadi." Hii ni katika huduma kwa kitabu cha baadaye kuhusu CharityFocus.org , shirika lisilo la faida ambalo katika muongo mmoja uliopita limetumika kama aina ya kitoleo cha miradi ya uchumi wa zawadi.

Mojawapo ya ukweli wa kimsingi kuhusu shughuli zinazoonekana kuwa ndogo kama vile kumnunulia kahawa mtu aliye nyuma yako au kufungua milango kwa wengine ni kwamba si jambo dogo hata kidogo. Ikiwa unununua pendekezo kwamba kubadilisha ulimwengu kwa bora huanza na wewe mwenyewe, vitendo hivi vidogo vya ukarimu, vinapofanywa kwa nia kamili hufanya kitu chenye nguvu kabisa. Wanabadilisha ulimwengu wako kutoka kwa mwelekeo wa "mimi" hadi mwelekeo wa "sisi". Hisia hiyo ya kibinafsi iliyopanuliwa na iliyounganishwa inaweza kubadilisha kila kitu, kuanzia jinsi unavyofikiri hadi jinsi unavyotenda.

Mara ya kwanza nilipokumbana na mbinu hii ilikuwa katika kuandika makala ndogo kuhusu CharityFocus.org kwa The Christian Science Monitor , nilipokuwa mkuu wa ofisi ya gazeti hilo San Francisco. Na ninakumbuka wazi kama kengele inayolia, utambuzi wa alfajiri kwamba ukarimu haukuwa juu ya kurekebisha shida fulani ya nje. Ilikuwa kunihusu. Kuhusu kuunda mabadiliko ya ndani, kuhusu kuanzisha msingi tofauti wa kufikiri.

Lewis Hyde aliandika kitabu kiitwacho The Gift mwaka wa 1983. Ni kipaji na sugu kabisa kwa muhtasari. Lakini inajikita katika maswali kuhusu thamani ya sanaa ya ubunifu, na swali linalowezekana la jinsi wasanii wanavyoweza kupatanisha "zawadi" yao na mwelekeo wa uboreshaji wa uchumi wa soko. Kitabu hiki kwa hakika ni musing kuhusu dhana ya thamani, usawa, na viungo na mitengano kati ya mazingira ya kisasa ya kiuchumi na "uchumi wa zawadi" wa tamaduni kongwe. Imetajwa hapa kupendekeza kwamba dhana ya uchumi wa karama si mbadala wa mrengo wa kushoto kwa ubepari. Ukweli ni kwamba pengine sisi sote tumeunganishwa, kifiziolojia na kijamii, kutafuta ushirikiano na ushirikiano licha ya mfumo wa elimu na muktadha wa kijamii ambao hufanya kazi kutoka utoto hadi kaburi ili kukazia ndani yetu mtazamo usio na sifuri wa ulimwengu. Rasilimali zina kikomo, maisha ni mafupi, pata kile unachoweza -- na ikiwa una ziada kidogo, labda andika hundi kwa hisani unayopenda.

Katika utafiti wangu wa kitabu, nilisoma shuhuda kadhaa kila siku kutoka kwa watu ambao wamegundua katika tendo dogo la ukarimu hisia kubwa sana ya furaha. Na wengi huamua "kulipa mbele" kwa njia fulani. Na kwa hivyo vitendo hivi havisimama peke yake. Wanarudia kwa ndani na kuiga kwa nje.

Kwa hivyo nunua kikombe hicho cha kahawa kwa mtu aliye nyuma yako. Utajisikia vizuri. Una sayansi nyuma yako. Lakini hautahitaji uthibitisho huo kabisa. Kitu ambacho utagundua zaidi ni kile kinachotokea ndani.

Na usifanye makosa, uchumi, kama unavyojua hautawahi kuwa sawa.

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COMMUNITY REFLECTIONS

15 PAST RESPONSES

User avatar
Daniel Silva Jun 9, 2017

We are the change for a better world

User avatar
Good Square Mar 26, 2013
I completely get the point Paul is making. I also get the contrarian's points. It seems to me that most of contrarians are using the "logic" to counter Paul's argument. Paul's point can't be debated with only logical arguments alone. His points are more about being good, altruistic, spiritual and completely different from Market Based Economy. I think, there are pointers all around us - the market based economy, the self sufficient society isn't making us happier as individuals and prosperous as society. Reasons are that we are gone too far away from valuing happiness, satisfaction, friendships, goodwill as much as we value the money and hoarding what we may not need.I had a similar feeling few years ago, and started working on an idea -- it's called "Goodsq", "Good Square", "Good to the power 2" -- call it what easy for you. My goal when I started with was to make people think more meaningfully about their relations. My realization has been humble and a bit saddening - people are more... [View Full Comment]
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MBJ Dec 18, 2011
Paul:I like to think that I have a healthy contempt forpolitical correctness; I do not overly romanticize communities that enjoy long,traditional social systems; and I am largely skeptical of the way theepithet "wisdom" is so facilely applied to ancient cultures.  ButI'd have to choke a little hard to apply the phrase"primitive societies" to the Coast Salish, Haida, Kwakwaka'wakw, Nuu-chah-nulth, Gitxsan, andTsimshian First Nations who practice the potlatch.  Quite aside the pejorative aspect ofthe description, it obscures the fact that the potlatch remains a vibrant,contemporary practice.  While thepotlatch was banned in Canada between 1855 and 1951 – and for a similar periodwithin the United States, I believe – it did not disappear and retains a socialand economic relevance in those First Nations communities for whom it iscustomary. Still your basic point is agood one: potlatching is a superb example of a gift economy practice. Yvonne Wilson of Kwakwaka'wakw First Natio... [View Full Comment]
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Jenny Messner Russell Jul 30, 2011

As we were taught in High School Driver's Ed, back in the olden days, :-), Courtesy is contagious!! Get the fever!!!!

User avatar
Lynn Jul 10, 2011
My exhusband gave me many gifts, his love for 25 years, two fantastic children and a horse that changed the course of both our lives, the result of which is  I am daily able to gift my new energy, soulfulness and conscious living to my family and friends, the process of divorce has enabled me to gift a mortgage repayment for a friend in trouble, rent for a girl friend beginning to live alone and to fly a beloved horse, Oscar, to Australia for a friend who had been supported by his love whilst undergoing cancer treatment and upon recovery had moved to Oz and missed Oscars love so much it was wonderful getting a picture of their reunion at 4 am in Perth. I have in return been supported by so many people each time I have need something, from a contact to help me with information processing or gathering  to some one willing to listen on the phone at 3 am when the journey looks black and hopeless. Small or large paying forward in terms of financial or spiritual connects and transforms us... [View Full Comment]
User avatar
Prakash Jul 10, 2011

I strongly disagree with your 2nd paragraph. Compassion and kindness and help in anyway is an expression of your vunerability in this day and age. If  you do what you say the receiver  will  exploit you again and again.
My philosophy is to help anyone who is physically challenged.
In this country there are not too many opportunities for them.
And by the way for a driver ranting at the long slow lines a SMILE  does wonders !

User avatar
Cathy Elaine Jul 9, 2011

I do agree that when we are in a full-blown gift economy, money will be unnecessary. However, in the meantime, while we are bridging the gap, most gifts will cost someone financially.

User avatar
Bill Miller Jul 9, 2011

Progressivepam’s definition of “gift” in her reply below
(…giving something without expectation of return (either in money or demands or
manipulation) shines light on a dilemma I often experience. I find myself
reluctant to use “Smile Cards” because I feel like I’m asking people to do
something in response to my act of kindness - i.e. pay it forward. That does
seem like a dilemma: we want to freely give a gift, yet we also want to raise
awareness around the concept by describing and demonstrating how it works.
Promoting an idea, however good, sort of implies that you’d like people to
embrace the idea.

Maybe the resolution simply lies in the spirit with which you deliver
the card. If you can maintain a playful, non-attached attitude, then it’s most
likely to succeed.

Does anyone else experience this?

User avatar
Thea Montandon Jul 9, 2011

I ran to the store for some additional ingredients for a dinner party, but left my purse at home. Darn, I'd have to go all the way back and I was running out of time. I asked the checker to hold onto my groceries, when the man next to me (big, black, comfortable, cheerful) said he would cover the almost $10. I was surprised, and thanked him, but said no. He insisted, saying "You never know what life has in mind for you." I understood him to mean God, so of course I accepted. I thanked him with gratitude, and gifted him the good feeling associated with unconditional giving.

User avatar
Harper_dianne Jul 9, 2011

a new yoga studio just opened in my town, Asheville, NC.  It is totally free.  beautiful space, all teachers teach as a gift, everyone is welcome.  and it's taking over the yoga scene!  the classes are always full, the teachers are blossoming when they are free to teach as a gift and not worry about being the best so the classes will fill up.  And people are being exposed to yoga!.  The community of folks who practice here volunteer their time to make the studio happen in every way.  A new parking lot was needed and in under three weeks the community raised 12,000 dollars to make it happen.  Its' an amazing place.  Asheville Community Yoga. 

User avatar
Ganoba Date Jul 9, 2011

In between rains I go out and plant a few saplings. In this weather they have a good chance of surviving and thriving. Is this an act of kindness or what? I don't know.
Yesterday I presented a few saplings as a birth day gift. Is this part of the gift economy? I don't know.
I have been doing things like these all my life.

User avatar
Khaled Ghorab Jul 9, 2011

This is a great article and I love the message behind it: "Give unconditionally". I can relate to this because of what I am currently facing with my country, Egypt. There are various plans similar to this that focus on simply giving without expecting. I also deeply believe that if such an economy existed, money itself wouldn't find its place in life but rather at heart. Growth, contribution, and even significance would become ego-less since the attachment to "getting back something" would perish. The reason many people find it difficult to believe such an economy would exist is because we're conditioned to think that the ultimate superior to money is a bank; never the people. If we thought beyond physically and corporate entities in such cases, the world's currency would be a smile.

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marylinda12 Jul 9, 2011

One of the opportunities I believe we are changed when we can do something for someone else and they not find out about it.  Another way is to be in gratitude.  Both seem to change me internally and therefore I respond to others differently.

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Legacylife Jul 9, 2011

There's such a special feeling that goes along with giving or receiving a gift that just purely given. It feels like, well, love.

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Maria Droujkova Jul 9, 2011

I think this article misrepresents the gift economy - or at the very least, it presents a mixed money/gift economy with a very heavy stress on the "money" parts. In the pure gift economy, you are supposed to make what you gift, or add value to previously received gifts and pass them on. Money does not work this way at all.