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复杂时代的领导力:从英雄到主人

长久以来,我们当中太多人被英雄所迷惑。或许是因为我们渴望被拯救,不愿亲力亲为,只想依靠他人来解决一切。政客们不断把自己包装成英雄,仿佛他们能解决所有问题,让一切迎刃而解。这是一种诱人的形象,一个诱人的承诺。而我们却一直深信不疑。总有一个人能让一切好转。总有一个人富有远见、鼓舞人心、才华横溢、值得信赖,我们都会心甘情愿地追随他/她。总有一个人……

正如诗人威廉·斯塔福德所写,是时候让所有英雄回家了。是时候放弃那些只会滋生依赖和被动,却无法解决我们面临的挑战的希望和期待了。是时候停止等待别人来拯救我们了。是时候正视我们所处的现实——我们同舟共济,我们每个人都有发言权——并思考如何动员我们工作场所和社区中每个人的心声和智慧。

我们为何依然期盼英雄的出现?似乎我们抱有一些先入为主的观念:

领导者掌握着答案。他们知道该怎么做。

人们会听从指挥。他们只需要得到好的计划和指示。

高风险需要高管控。随着形势变得日益复杂和具有挑战性,权力需要转移到高层(那些知道该怎么做的领导者手中)。

这些信念催生了世界各地组织和政府奉为圭臬的命令控制模式。处于层级底层的人们服从于上级的远见卓识和专业知识。领导者承诺带领我们走出困境;我们心甘情愿地放弃个人自主权,以换取安全感。

领导者试图掌控复杂甚至混乱的局面,唯一可预见的后果就是制造更多混乱。他们把自己封闭起来,只留下少数关键顾问,试图(迅速地)找到一个简单易行的方案来解决复杂的问题。而民众也迫于压力要求他们这么做。每个人都希望问题消失;公众高呼“解决问题!”。领导者们手忙脚乱地装出一副一切尽在掌握、掌控全局的样子。

但当今问题的根源错综复杂,环环相扣。没有简单的答案,也没有哪个人能够独自解决所有问题。我们似乎无法正视这些复杂的现实。相反,当领导者无法化解危机时,我们就解雇他/她,然后立即开始寻找下一个(更完美的)人选。我们从不质疑自己对领导者的期望,也从不质疑自己对英雄的渴望。

控制的错觉

英雄式的领导力建立在一种错觉之上,即有人能够掌控一切。然而,我们生活在一个由复杂系统构成的世界里,这些系统的存在本身就意味着它们本质上是无法控制的。没有人掌控我们的食品系统。没有人掌控我们的学校。没有人掌控环境。没有人掌控国家安全。没有人掌控一切!这些系统是涌现现象——是成千上万个微小的局部行动汇聚而成的强大系统,其特性可能与最初引发它们的微小行动几乎毫无相似之处。这些系统如今主宰着我们的生活;它们无法通过逆向思维、仅仅关注少数几个简单的原因来改变。当然,即使是最英勇的领导者最远大的愿景也无法改变它们。

如果我们想让这些复杂的系统更好地运转,就必须放弃对英雄式领导者的依赖,转而接纳主人翁式的领导者。我们需要支持那些深知问题复杂性的领导者,他们明白,要全面理解任何问题的复杂性,都需要系统中的所有成员参与并贡献力量。作为追随者,我们需要给予领导者时间、耐心和宽容;同时,我们也需要积极主动地贡献力量。

这些以领导者身份参与活动的组织者坦诚地承认自己也不知道该怎么做;他们明白,仅仅依靠自己寻找答案是极其愚蠢的。但他们也知道,可以信任其他人的创造力和敬业精神来完成工作。他们知道,只要给予合适的邀请,无论身处组织架构的哪个层级,其他人都能像领导者一样充满动力、勤奋努力、富有创造力。

从英雄到主人的旅程

从英雄到东道主的领导者,已经超越了等级制度滋生的政治和对立的负面动态,他们无视了限制员工潜能的组织架构图和角色描述。相反,他们变得充满好奇。这个组织或社群里都有些什么人?如果他们被邀请作为正式成员参与工作,他们能贡献哪些技能和能力?他们拥有哪些知识和见解,或许能为解决问题提供思路?

领导者以东道主的身份参与决策,他们深知人们乐于支持自己参与创造的事物——你不能指望人们会“接受”在其他地方制定的计划和项目。他们致力于促成来自系统各个层面的人员进行有意义的对话,因为这是激发新见解和行动可能性的最有效途径。他们相信人们愿意贡献力量,并且大多数人都渴望在生活和工作中找到意义和可能性。这些领导者也明白,只有接纳他人,才能解决复杂棘手的问题。

领导者作为东道主,并非只是放手让员工自行努力,而是要确保他们能出色完成工作。领导者需要处理的事情很多,但这与英雄的工作截然不同。作为东道主的领导者必须:

* 为人们共同工作提供条件和良好的团队合作流程。

* 提供时间资源,时间是最稀缺的资源。

* 坚持要求人们和系统经常从经验中学习。

* 提供明确的支持——人们知道领导者会支持他们。

* 遏制官僚主义,创造绿洲(或避难所),让人们免受无意义的报告和行政琐事的困扰。

* 与那些想要夺回控制权的其他领导人一起进行防御,这些领导人批评说,人们被赋予了过多的自由。

* 定期向人们反馈他们的工作进展、取得的成就以及他们走过的路程。

* 与人们合作,制定相关的进步衡量标准,使他们的成就得以体现。

* 重视团队精神和友谊——不是虚假的啦啦队活动,而是任何团队在共同完成艰巨工作时所产生的精神。

来自上级的挑战

值得注意的是,从英雄到主人翁的领导者是如何运用其职位权力的。他们必须与组织各个层级打交道;通常情况下,获得下属的支持和尊重比获得上级的支持和尊重要容易得多。大多数大型组织的高层领导者都相信自身与生俱来的优越性,而他们所获得的职位正是这种优越性的证明。他们不相信普通员工像他们一样富有创造力或积极主动。当有人建议让员工参与进来,以此收集他们对复杂问题的见解和想法时,高层领导者往往会阻挠此类活动。他们反对的理由是:员工会利用这个机会占组织的便宜;或者员工会提出与组织使命无关的想法;或者员工会过于自信,越权行事。事实上,许多高层领导者将让整个系统参与进来视为对其自身权力和控制的威胁。他们总是选择控制,以及由此产生的混乱,而不是邀请员工参与解决棘手复杂的问题。

真正了解员工全情投入价值、信任下属的领导者,必须不断捍卫员工,抵御那些坚持加强管控、设置繁琐官僚程序以限制员工活动的上级领导,即便这些活动本身已经取得了卓越的成果。说来奇怪,太多的上级领导选择控制而非效能;他们宁愿冒着制造更多混乱的风险,继续奉行其独断专行、命令式的领导方式。

重新吸引人们

那些长期被束缚在狭隘角色中、被层级结构埋没的人,最终会在一位包容的领导者的带领下绽放光彩,获得成长。然而,员工需要时间才能相信这位老板与众不同,相信这位领导者真心希望他们做出贡献。在那些被专制领导压制、被迫噤声的体系中,这可能需要12到18个月的时间。如今,大多数人采取观望态度,不再热衷于参与,因为过去的邀请要么不够真诚,要么无法让他们从事有意义的工作。领导者需要不断强调,没有每个人的参与,工作就无法完成,问题也无法解决,以此来证明自己的价值。如果信息真诚且始终如一,人们会逐渐重燃活力;即使是那些在工作中麻木不仁、只盼着退休的人,在一位鼓励他们、为他们创造贡献机会的领导者面前,也能焕发新生。

领导者作为东道主,必须具备卓越的召集能力。他们深知,自己的组织或社群蕴藏着丰富的资源,而发掘这些资源最便捷的方式,便是将不同背景的人聚集在一起,展开有意义的对话。那些曾经彼此看不顺眼、互相轻视、感到被忽视、被边缘化的人——正是这些人,能够打破固有的思维模式和标签,成为有趣、积极参与的同事和公民。

组织有意义的对话并非为了让人们彼此喜欢或感觉良好,而是为了创造解决问题、促进团队高效运作、激发人们积极行动的途径。优秀的领导者依靠每个人的创造力、投入和慷慨,从而带来实质性的改变。他们从自身经验中了解到,这些品质几乎存在于每个人和每个组织中。他们发出真诚的邀请,提出有价值的问题,并勇于支持冒险和尝试。

你是英雄吗?

我们很多人都会不知不觉地扮演起英雄的角色,这并非出于权力欲,而是出于善意和助人的愿望。你是否也在扮演英雄的角色呢?以下几点可以帮助你判断。当你认为只要更努力就能解决问题,只要变得更聪明或掌握一项新技术就能为他人解决问题时,你就是在扮演英雄的角色。当你承担越来越多的项目和事业,而忽略了人际关系时,你就是在扮演英雄的角色。当你相信自己能够拯救局面、拯救他人、拯救世界时,你就是在扮演英雄的角色。

我们大多数时候的英雄冲动都源于美好的愿望。我们想要帮助别人,想要解决问题,想要力挽狂澜。然而,这是一种特殊感带来的错觉,仿佛只有我们才能提供帮助、服务和技能。如果我们不做,就没人会做。这条英雄之路只有一个注定的终点——最终我们会感到孤独、疲惫不堪,并且不被赏识。

是时候让我们这些英雄回家了,因为如果我们回家,就会发现我们并不孤单。我们身边都是和我们一样的人。他们也想贡献力量,他们也有想法,他们也想帮助他人,解决自己的问题。

说实话,他们本来就没想过要让英雄来拯救他们。

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COMMUNITY REFLECTIONS

30 PAST RESPONSES

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Eithne Knappitsch Mar 15, 2026
I am delightfully surprised by some new insights I have gained here. Based on this reading, I have not been acting as the host leader I strive to be. I'm particularly impacted by one sentence, which is: "You're acting as a hero if you take on more and more projects and causes and have less time for relationships." This is certainly something that I am guilty of, while my intentions may be good by taking on projects that I feel are valuable, it's only now that I'm really thinking how this is indicative of a hero style leadership. I certainly need to take some time to think more deeply about how to do things differently.
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Eithne Knappitsch Mar 15, 2026
I am surprised and a little shocked by one line in this piece - "You're acting as a hero if you take on more and more projects and have less time for relationships". This is certainly something that I do. Even though my intentions may be good, and the projects valuable - the outcome is certainly less time for relationships. So I certainly need to take some time to think about how I can change this.

This is surprising and incredibly valuable. It's given me a new perspective on the idea of hero leadership. Actually, if I think about it, I strive to be a host leader, but have inner work to do. I need to think more deeply about how to do this differently.
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Aimee Adamec Mar 9, 2026
I am embarassed to say, that I feel that I have inadvertently stepped into the role of hero at my job and frankly I'm not good at it. It's not the role I want to play. I would much prefer to play the host and while I understand conceptually what's involved, I feel that I have been inadequate on cultivating the right environment. I look forward to learning more on how to become an effective host.
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Ulka Shukla Mar 9, 2026
As I write this I am laughing at the article and me, us
Look at the world...a leader as a bully
And look at us attempting tiny change ...in hope to do our bit and see
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Olga Mar 9, 2026
The concept of a "host leadership" has been applied in some organizations with varying degrees of success. However, I have noticed that even great concepts are still used with the underlying energy of extraction, manipulation or control that maintains status quo that pacifies, as opposed to addressing root causes of problems and making real change possible. Said another way, the "right" words are there but actions are not congruent. To me the real work lies in distilling the true intention and purpose, individual and collective, cultivating self- and systemic awareness, and practicing returning to it, every day.
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Alda Mar 9, 2026
Hosting leader: For me, it resonates and makes perfect sense: accountability, trust and a sense of community and belonging. When I think about how most leaders are, I ask myself how this can be changed. And yes, I understand that each one of us has to change. We have to start with ourselves. Here, I feel comfortable; I think I'm in my bubble. But those in power are so selfish and power-hungry that they will never give up their position or change their minds. I also think there are many people who want leaders and don't want responsibility, who believe that strong power can solve problems.
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Seema Mehta Mar 9, 2026
Very powerful paradigm shift. Lot to chew and heartwarming food for thought and action. Arigato!
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Stephanie Cornell Mar 9, 2026
So well said. These were words that spoke my intuitive intention in leading an organization that was within a controlling ecosystem. Control has so much lack of trust embedded in it and then people will understand they are not trusted and disengage. If I had had these words to describe my intention, it would have been easier to act out and explain.
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Nancy Sharer Mar 9, 2026
It’s terrific… I’m glad to hear it said so clearly.. I certainly belief it to be true…
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Anubha Mar 8, 2025
So liberating to read this and relieve an individual from the “burden” of having to do it all.
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Aruna Ramaswamy Mar 4, 2025
This bottom up model is very interesting and empowering... May be the need of the hr in the present state of affairs...
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Bob Mar 4, 2025
Many years ago I was an Air Force officer. Just out of college, commissioned as a second LT. I thought I was a "leader", because of my rank. I was assigned to an engine shop at Andrews AFB and it was mostly civilians that worked there with a minority of military sargeants, all of them mechanics. A big AF inspection was going to be given for the shop a few weeks later. I went in and tried to tell them. how to do their jobs- which they had been doing for years! I learned quickly when a senior sargeant took me aside and told me, "Lt. you need to back off. These civilians know more about their job thanh you ever will and the enlisted mechanics know almost as much. Give them space and they will make this the best shop on base". I got the message and instead of telling them how to do their job, I took the time to praise them for the work they were doing. We got an EXCELLENT on the Inspection.
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Tanishka Mar 4, 2025
It feels as though, somewhere in the back of my mind, I always understood the perilousness of the "hero" mindset. Yet, I have fallen prey to this mindset- ever so often imagining all the ways in which I could solve a problem or do better than someone else if only I had control and power in that situation. I realise now, that the desire for a utopic world arises from similar convictions- the belief that the world is simply a roll of thread that can be neatly un-entangled if the right person (myself) was given the chance. What folly!
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Bhupen Mehta Mar 3, 2025
What is happening every day now in the USA and its consequences worldwide is more than enough to show how corrupt and selfish are all of the elected representatives and politicians. This will need not one but millions of Gandhi and MLKs to stop and reverse this madness in DC by few very rich persons. May Hodge save us all!
Reply 1 reply: Bob
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Bob Mar 4, 2025
I agree that there are corrupt and selfish officials, but I also know there are many who are doing their jobs to the best of their ability. Problem is we don't hear about them. WE only read about news when it is sensational and often tragic - that is what sells. The majority of people are doing what is right. See my input about being a 2nd LT. in the Air Force in the comment section.
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Aimee A Mar 3, 2025
I have worked with many "heroes" throughout my career, and they all seemed to embody the characteristics mentioned - hardworking, stoic, and determined yet it always seemed as though their areas never improved. They were always in firefighting mode. I appreciate the insights from this article and am concerned that I too have functioned as a hero on occasion. As I've progressed in my career I've definitely shifted into more of a host and am grateful to know that my leadership skills are progressing in a more helpful and sustainable way.
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john lee Mar 3, 2025
I recall early in my school days, our class was given an assignment "What do you want to be when you grow up?" I wrote simply Not a King. When asked why. My answer was too great a responsibility, reflecting the perception I had from storybooks I read. I must have known about the limitation of my capability somehow.
I love learning as I have an insatiable curiosity throughout my entire life, working, having a family, and volunteering. I certainly have leadership opportunities, gained experiences, contributed to organizations and stakeholders that I have served. I fully appreciate today's material and love to be a part of this POD's emergence with the hope that violence around the world will miraculously be transformed towards civility, kindness or compassion.
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Mark Foley Mar 3, 2025
On a macro level it's hard to believe Margaret's article was written in 2011. It's words and wisdom seem radically prescient given how todays leaders - especially political - are operating.

On a more micro (personal) level this article was a huge wake up call for me. With good intentions and clearly a lack of proper understanding I allowed myself to be duped by the false narrative of the hero's mindset in both my work life and family life. Now I understand where feelings of loneliness and exhaustion come from.

I need to read more, learn more about operating like a "host" and most importantly fully integrate that wisdom into my mindset and my actions. I'm truly blessed to have "leaders as host" role models in so many dear friends like many of you in this Pod and of course compassionate leaders like Nipun-bhai.
Reply 1 reply: Cheryl
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Cheryl Mar 3, 2025
I concur. On both the macro. I think of the complexities that exist and having a quick answer as the hero doesn’t work. On the micro. I want to engage more of host persona. Being the hero no one wants is exhausting
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Ezekiel P. Guanbie Mar 3, 2025
What an insightful article! I love the statement that says "constantly we are barraged by politicians presenting themselves as heroes, the ones who will fix everything and make our problems go away. It’s a seductive image, an enticing promise. And we keep believing it". Just a little reflection that politics turn to enrichment of few people why the masses suffer hardship.

Instead of keep trusting them to be our heroes, we want to lead and become heroes ourselves.
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Sharmila Mar 3, 2025
We are all conditioned to be believe that we need to strive to become Heroes - The ones who lead, the ones who save the world, the ones who can fix everything. Shrugging off this conditioning and learning to be a host - that nurtures, loves and cares for all and supports a shift from dependency to independence and then interdependence and from passivity to activity and nurtures people to to create their own solutions is difficult, but not impossible. Once the core believes in the 'change' change becomes possible.
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Kajal rani sharma Mar 3, 2025
Insightful , the paragraph where it is written are you a hero ? Made me to self reflect on my actions.
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Allie Middleton Mar 3, 2025
A wonderful reminder of the importance of how the quality of our attention creates matter
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Ariunaa Mar 3, 2025
The leadership style is shifting towards a more collaborative, adaptive approach, which is good. As a teacher, it can be applied by shifting from being the sole authority in the classroom to facilitating student-led learning.
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Karen John Mar 3, 2025
If only ... haven't trusted politicians for years, but yes, we can start The journey to be our own hero .
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Karen John Mar 3, 2025
If only ... haven't trusted politicians for years, but yes, we can start The journey to be our own hero .
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Nomita Mehta Mar 2, 2025
This idea is in real play with prime Minister Modi. I was in Prayagraj indua just last week and was sharing my experience and a senior govt employee apparently was at our guesthouse. He approached me, introduced himself and that he works directly with pmModi. Then he asked me to share this reflection on all pm modi’s social media channels ( which his assistant gave me immediately). Finally he asked for my email address after I expressed my deep desire to work with Pm modi . This is such a real life example of a hosting PM leader. This story immediately clicked this understanding in me.
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Chris Wilson Oct 24, 2014
Good article. Clearly there is a shift taking place in the mechanisms being used to coordinate collective activity.However, when you have to add so many adjectives and descriptive nuances to leadership, maybe you should use a different word. I mean the behaviours of 'hero' and 'host' are radically different and largely incompatible. I looked up leadership once in HBR and found over 50 different variations defined. Some of them were related to your 'hero', white knight depiction; others were describing various dysfunctional, psychopathic or criminal forms of leadership; and some described more the 'host' idea you've used above. Clearly the term leadership has become a meaningless grab bag expression for any behaviour someone wants to ascribe to it.Nevertheless, when the term is used, my experience is that, irregardless of the adjective you put in front of it, people understand 'leadership' in terms of the person who has the answers, has control of the knowledge, resources and power to ... [View Full Comment]
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Miguel Aug 29, 2014

Wonderful insightful writing...giving me confirmation and courage to keep on stepping up and journeying this adventure into servant leadership. Thank you. x

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CJ Anderson Aug 28, 2014

The last paragraph needs to be the first. I run a non-profit agency (Empty Bowl Pet Food Pantry) FULL of volunteers who are disabled in some way who have decided to become Heroes to others anyway they are able!