Ta teden pred sedmimi leti je David Foster Wallace trdil, da "naučiti se razmišljati v resnici pomeni naučiti se izvajati nekaj nadzora nad tem, kako in kaj mislite." Toda v dobi nenehnega senzacionalizma, psevdoznanosti in neusmiljene dirke za bližnjicami, hitrimi odgovori in srebrnimi naboji se zdi vedeti, kaj si misliti, vedno večji izziv. Pripravljamo orodja, kot je The Baloney Detection Kit, in ustvarjamo čudovite animacije, s katerimi otroke učimo kritičnega razmišljanja, vendar je umetnost kritičnega razmišljanja navada, ki zahteva skrbno in dosledno negovanje. V svojem izjemnem eseju z naslovom »Breme skepticizma«, prvotno objavljenem v jesenski številki revije Skeptical Inquirer leta 1987, je Carl Sagan – vedno artikuliran in strasten razlagalec – čudovito ujel dvojnost in osmotsko ravnovesje kritičnega mišljenja:
Carl Sagan: O uravnoteženju Skepticizma in Odprtosti
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"Zdi se mi, da je potrebno odlično ravnovesje med dvema nasprotujočima si potrebama: najbolj skeptičen pregled vseh hipotez, ki so nam postrežene, in hkrati velika odprtost za nove ideje. Očitno sta ta dva načina razmišljanja v določeni napetosti. Toda če lahko izvajate samo enega od teh načinov, ne glede na to, kateri je, ste v velikih težavah.
Če ste samo skeptični, potem nobena nova ideja ne pride do vas. Nikoli se ne naučiš ničesar novega. Postaneš zahrbten starček, prepričan, da svetu vladajo neumnosti. (Seveda obstaja veliko podatkov, ki vas podpirajo.) Toda tu in tam, morda enkrat na sto primerov, se nova ideja izkaže za pravo, veljavno in čudovito. Če imate preveč navado, da ste do vsega skeptični, boste to pogrešali ali zamerili, v vsakem primeru pa boste stali na poti razumevanja in napredka.
Po drugi strani pa, če ste odprti do točke lahkovernosti in nimate niti trohice skeptičnih čustev v sebi, potem ne morete ločiti koristnega od ničvrednega. Če imajo vse ideje enako veljavo, potem ste izgubljeni, ker takrat se mi zdi, da nobena ideja nima nikakršne veljave.
Nekatere ideje so boljše od drugih. Mašinerija za njihovo razlikovanje je bistveno orodje pri soočanju s svetom in še posebej pri soočanju s prihodnostjo. In ravno mešanica teh dveh načinov razmišljanja je ključna za uspeh znanosti."
Tukaj je odličen dodatek k tem slavnim definicijam znanosti.
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3 PAST RESPONSES
when I said 'sick' I mean a bad feeling my friends hid in G+.
I can explain another story when I had two people who worked my store they were different clans but same community. So in msn I was chatting two of online one talked bad about the other one and I agreed then the other one talked and I greed yet two of them thought I belong to one's. So if you again look the first version of the story and the last one you can know it was meant immediate actions.
Anyway, it was great you suggested in today's dailygood though I would like friends of that community to ask and see their points. When I saw some people talking Hitler I could call myself Hitler. And some people would feel hurt. I recently learnt his history. It is like that.
Though that we talked, What I don't like is what people I socialized perceived about me. I am very sure it must made them sick but I didn't know but I sensed something was incorrect when one praised a divine. So I lacked sobriety and I didn't know that the buddy knew something about woman who spoke up. But I tell you I know it could hurt innocent people's but you have to follow the facts that I explained last week. That art was though of ten minutes on desktop and what it says except the money was meant immediate actions. Yes some sort of the story was circulated but those statements were not in me. It is very hard someone not an artist can think that.
So you need to understand the theory as wise and not come as a cranky. I really couldn't know where enmity came from when you send me frightening dailygood. If you could say that something was disgusting I could have solved and cleanness would have worked. You know, I am honesty.
This beautiful article by Carl Sagan gives us a new insight into the pattern of human thinking.
Yours Sincerely
Muralikrishna.P.