Carl Sagan: Juu Ya Kusawazisha Mashaka Na Uwazi

May 28, 2012 2 min read

Miaka saba iliyopita wiki hii, David Foster Wallace alitoa hoja kwamba “kujifunza jinsi ya kufikiri kunamaanisha kweli kujifunza jinsi ya kudhibiti jinsi na kile unachofikiri.” Bado katika enzi ya mhemko usiokoma, sayansi ya uwongo, na mbio zisizokoma za njia za mkato, majibu ya haraka na risasi za fedha, kujua la kufikiria kunaonekana kuwa changamoto zaidi. Tunakuja na zana kama vile Kisanduku cha Kugundua Baloney na kuunda uhuishaji mzuri wa kufundisha watoto kuhusu kufikiri kwa makini, lakini sanaa ya kufikiri kwa makini ni tabia inayohitaji ukuzaji makini na thabiti. Katika insha yake ya ajabu inayoitwa "Mzigo wa Kutilia shaka," iliyochapishwa awali katika toleo la Kuanguka la 1987 la Mdadisi mwenye Mashaka, Carl Sagan - daima mfafanuzi wa kueleza na mwenye shauku - alinasa uwili na usawa wa kiosmotiki wa kufikiri kwa makini:

"Inaonekana kwangu kile kinachohitajika ni usawa mzuri kati ya mahitaji mawili yanayokinzana: uchunguzi wa shaka zaidi wa dhana zote ambazo hutolewa kwetu na wakati huo huo uwazi mkubwa kwa mawazo mapya. Ni wazi kwamba njia hizo mbili za mawazo ziko katika mvutano fulani. Lakini ikiwa unaweza kutumia moja tu ya njia hizi, hata iwe ni shida gani, uko katika shida kubwa.

Ikiwa una shaka tu, basi hakuna mawazo mapya yanayoweza kukufikia. Hutajifunza chochote kipya. Unakuwa mzee wa crotchty unaamini kuwa upuuzi unatawala dunia. (Kuna, bila shaka, data nyingi za kukusaidia.) Lakini mara kwa mara, labda mara moja katika kesi mia moja, wazo jipya linageuka kuwa kwenye alama, halali na ya ajabu. Ikiwa una mazoea mengi ya kuwa na mashaka juu ya kila kitu, utaenda kukosa au kuchukia, na kwa vyovyote vile utakuwa umesimama katika njia ya uelewa na maendeleo.

Kwa upande mwingine, ikiwa uko wazi kwa uhakika na huna hata chembe ya hisia ya kutilia shaka ndani yako, basi huwezi kutofautisha manufaa kama na yale yasiyo na thamani. Ikiwa mawazo yote yana uhalali sawa basi umepotea, kwa sababu basi, inaonekana kwangu, hakuna mawazo yenye uhalali wowote.

Mawazo mengine ni bora kuliko mengine. Mitambo ya kuwatofautisha ni nyenzo muhimu katika kukabiliana na ulimwengu na hasa katika kukabiliana na siku zijazo. Na ni mchanganyiko wa njia hizi mbili za mawazo ambayo ni msingi wa mafanikio ya sayansi."

Hapa kuna nyongeza nzuri kwa ufafanuzi huu maarufu wa sayansi.

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Noor a.f May 28, 2012

when I said 'sick' I mean a bad feeling my friends hid in G+.
I can explain another story when I had two people who worked my store they were different clans but same community. So in msn I was chatting two of online one talked bad about the other one and I agreed then the other one talked and I greed yet two of them thought I belong to one's. So if you again look the first version of the story and the last one you can know it was meant immediate actions.

Anyway, it was great you suggested in today's dailygood though I would like friends of that community to ask and see their points. When I saw some people talking Hitler I could call myself Hitler. And some people would feel hurt. I recently learnt his history. It is like that.

Noor a.f May 28, 2012

Though that we talked, What I don't like is what people I socialized perceived about me. I am very sure it must made them sick but I didn't know but I sensed something was incorrect when one praised a divine. So I lacked sobriety and I didn't know that the buddy knew something about woman who spoke up. But I tell you I know it could hurt innocent people's but you have to follow the facts that I explained last week. That art was though of ten minutes on desktop and what it says except the money was meant immediate actions. Yes some sort of the story was circulated but those statements were not in me. It is very hard someone not an artist can think that.
So you need to understand the theory as wise and not come as a cranky. I really couldn't know where enmity came from when you send me frightening dailygood. If you could say that something was disgusting I could have solved and cleanness would have worked. You know, I am honesty.

Muralikrishna.P. May 28, 2012

This beautiful article by Carl Sagan gives us a new insight into the pattern of human thinking.
Yours Sincerely
Muralikrishna.P.